About this Class 11 Science practice test

Class 11 Science introduces you to specialized physics kinematics, chemical bonding, periodic groups, and biochemical systems. This curated diagnostic hub helps you master core derivations and biological diagrams for your school and board exams.

Class 11 Science Practice Test sample questions

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1. 1. A student measures three masses as 24.36 g, 0.0623 g, and 256.2 g. What is the sum of these masses expressed to the correct number of significant figures?

2. 2. A particle starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration, covering 100 m in the first 10 seconds. Using the equations of motion, what is its velocity at the end of 10 seconds?

3. 3. A 5 kg block resting on a horizontal surface has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.4 with the surface. Taking g = 10 m/s2, what minimum horizontal force is needed to keep the block sliding at constant velocity?

4. 4. A pump lifts 200 kg of water through a height of 6 m every 10 seconds. Taking g = 10 m/s2, what is the power delivered by the pump?

5. 5. Two point masses of 2 kg and 3 kg are placed at x = 0 m and x = 5 m respectively on the x-axis. At what position x is the center of mass of the system located?

6. 6. Using G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2, Earth's mass = 6 x 10^24 kg, and Earth's radius = 6.4 x 10^6 m, calculate the escape velocity from Earth's surface.

7. 7. A wire of length 2 m and cross-sectional area 1 x 10^-6 m^2 stretches by 0.5 mm when a force of 100 N is applied along its length. What is the Young's modulus of the wire's material?

8. 8. One mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly at 300 K from a volume of 10 L to 20 L. Taking R = 8.314 J/(mol K) and ln 2 = 0.693, calculate the work done by the gas.

9. 9. Calculate the root-mean-square speed of oxygen (O2) molecules, molar mass 32 g/mol, at 300 K. Take R = 8.314 J/(mol K).

10. 10. A simple pendulum has a length of 1 m. Taking g = 9.8 m/s2 and pi = 3.1416, what is its time period of oscillation?

11. 11. Propane (C3H8, molar mass 44 g/mol) undergoes complete combustion according to C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O. How many moles of CO2 are produced from 22 g of propane?

12. 12. For an electron occupying the 4d subshell, what is the azimuthal quantum number (l) and what are the possible values of the magnetic quantum number (m)?

13. 13. Arrange the following period 3 elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Na, Mg, Al, Si.

14. 14. What is the hybridization of the central nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3), and what is the resulting molecular shape?

15. 15. An ideal gas occupies 4 L at 1 atm and 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 2 atm and 450 K?

16. 16. The enthalpy of combustion of methane (CH4, molar mass 16 g/mol) is -890 kJ/mol. How much heat is released when 8 g of methane is completely burned?

17. 17. What is the pH of a 0.001 M HCl solution, assuming complete dissociation?

18. 18. What is the oxidation state of manganese in KMnO4?

19. 19. Beryllium, though a group 2 (alkaline earth metal) s-block element, shows properties resembling a group 13 p-block element because of the diagonal relationship. Which element is this?

20. 20. What is the IUPAC name of the compound CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3?

21. 21. According to Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, which kingdom includes eukaryotic organisms such as diatoms, Amoeba, and Paramecium that do not fit into Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi?

22. 22. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the inner walls of blood vessels and the heart, forming a smooth surface called the endothelium?

23. 23. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication (synthesis of new DNA) take place?

24. 24. According to the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants, what property of water molecules allows an unbroken column of water to be pulled up through the xylem under the tension created by transpiration?

25. 25. In the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) of photosynthesis, how many molecules of ATP and NADPH are consumed to fix one molecule of CO2?

26. 26. Which plant hormone induces stomatal closure during water-deficit conditions and is therefore often referred to as the plant's 'stress hormone'?

27. 27. Which enzyme in gastric juice begins protein digestion in the stomach, and what does it convert proteins into?

28. 28. What is the approximate tidal volume of air breathed in or out during a single normal quiet breath in a healthy adult human?

29. 29. In a healthy adult with a heart rate of 72 beats per minute, approximately how long does one complete cardiac cycle last?

30. 30. What is the approximate resting membrane potential of a neuron, and is the inside of the membrane relatively positive or negative compared to the outside?

Answer key & quick explanations

Short answers for the sample questions above. Use this to self-check before generating a fresh AI-built mock test.

1. 1. A student measures three masses as 24.36 g, 0.0623 g, and 256.2 g. What is the sum of these masses expressed to the correct number of significant figures?

   280.6 g

   In addition, the result is rounded to the number of decimal places of the least precise measurement. 256.2 g has only 1 decimal place, so the raw sum 280.6223 g is rounded to 280.6 g.

2. 2. A particle starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration, covering 100 m in the first 10 seconds. Using the equations of motion, what is its velocity at the end of 10 seconds?

   20 m/s

   From s = ut + (1/2)at^2 with u = 0, 100 = (1/2)a(10)^2 gives a = 2 m/s^2. Then v = u + at = 0 + 2(10) = 20 m/s.

3. 3. A 5 kg block resting on a horizontal surface has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.4 with the surface. Taking g = 10 m/s2, what minimum horizontal force is needed to keep the block sliding at constant velocity?

   20 N

   At constant velocity the applied force must balance kinetic friction: f = mu x N = mu x mg = 0.4 x 5 x 10 = 20 N.

4. 4. A pump lifts 200 kg of water through a height of 6 m every 10 seconds. Taking g = 10 m/s2, what is the power delivered by the pump?

   1200 W (1.2 kW)

   Power = work done / time = mgh / t = (200 x 10 x 6) / 10 = 1200 W.

5. 5. Two point masses of 2 kg and 3 kg are placed at x = 0 m and x = 5 m respectively on the x-axis. At what position x is the center of mass of the system located?

   x = 3 m

   x_cm = (m1x1 + m2x2)/(m1+m2) = (2x0 + 3x5)/(2+3) = 15/5 = 3 m from the origin.

6. 6. Using G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2, Earth's mass = 6 x 10^24 kg, and Earth's radius = 6.4 x 10^6 m, calculate the escape velocity from Earth's surface.

   Approximately 11.2 km/s (about 1.12 x 10^4 m/s)

   Escape velocity v = sqrt(2GM/R) = sqrt((2 x 6.67x10^-11 x 6x10^24)/(6.4x10^6)) = sqrt(1.2506x10^8), which is approximately 1.118x10^4 m/s, i.e. approximately 11.2 km/s.

7. 7. A wire of length 2 m and cross-sectional area 1 x 10^-6 m^2 stretches by 0.5 mm when a force of 100 N is applied along its length. What is the Young's modulus of the wire's material?

   4 x 10^11 N/m^2 (Pa)

   Y = (F/A)/(deltaL/L) = FL/(A x deltaL) = (100 x 2)/(1x10^-6 x 5x10^-4) = 200/(5x10^-10) = 4x10^11 Pa.

8. 8. One mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly at 300 K from a volume of 10 L to 20 L. Taking R = 8.314 J/(mol K) and ln 2 = 0.693, calculate the work done by the gas.

   Approximately 1728 J (about 1.73 kJ)

   For isothermal reversible expansion, W = nRT ln(V2/V1) = 1 x 8.314 x 300 x 0.693, which is approximately 1728 J.

9. 9. Calculate the root-mean-square speed of oxygen (O2) molecules, molar mass 32 g/mol, at 300 K. Take R = 8.314 J/(mol K).

   Approximately 484 m/s

   v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M) = sqrt((3 x 8.314 x 300)/0.032) = sqrt(2.338x10^5), which is approximately 483.6 m/s.

10. 10. A simple pendulum has a length of 1 m. Taking g = 9.8 m/s2 and pi = 3.1416, what is its time period of oscillation?

    Approximately 2.0 seconds

    T = 2 pi sqrt(L/g) = 2 x 3.1416 x sqrt(1/9.8) = 2 x 3.1416 x 0.3194, which is approximately 2.01 s.

11. 11. Propane (C3H8, molar mass 44 g/mol) undergoes complete combustion according to C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O. How many moles of CO2 are produced from 22 g of propane?

    1.5 mol CO2

    Moles of propane = 22/44 = 0.5 mol. From the balanced equation, each mole of propane gives 3 moles of CO2, so 0.5 x 3 = 1.5 mol CO2.

12. 12. For an electron occupying the 4d subshell, what is the azimuthal quantum number (l) and what are the possible values of the magnetic quantum number (m)?

    l = 2; m = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2

    The d subshell always corresponds to azimuthal quantum number l = 2, and the magnetic quantum number m ranges from -l to +l in integer steps, giving five values.

13. 13. Arrange the following period 3 elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Na, Mg, Al, Si.

    Si < Al < Mg < Na

    Across a period, effective nuclear charge increases while the number of shells stays constant, so atomic radius decreases from Na to Si; hence the increasing order is Si < Al < Mg < Na.

14. 14. What is the hybridization of the central nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3), and what is the resulting molecular shape?

    sp3 hybridization; trigonal pyramidal shape

    Nitrogen in NH3 has three bond pairs and one lone pair arranged tetrahedrally (sp3), but the lone pair pushes the bonding pairs together, giving a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.

15. 15. An ideal gas occupies 4 L at 1 atm and 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 2 atm and 450 K?

    3 L

    Using the combined gas law P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2: (1x4)/300 = (2xV2)/450, so V2 = (1x4x450)/(300x2) = 3 L.

16. 16. The enthalpy of combustion of methane (CH4, molar mass 16 g/mol) is -890 kJ/mol. How much heat is released when 8 g of methane is completely burned?

    445 kJ

    Moles of methane = 8/16 = 0.5 mol. Heat released = 0.5 mol x 890 kJ/mol = 445 kJ.

17. 17. What is the pH of a 0.001 M HCl solution, assuming complete dissociation?

    pH = 3

    Since HCl is a strong acid that dissociates completely, [H+] = 0.001 M = 10^-3 M, so pH = -log[H+] = 3.

18. 18. What is the oxidation state of manganese in KMnO4?

    +7

    K is +1 and each oxygen is -2 (4 x -2 = -8). For the neutral compound, +1 + Mn + (-8) = 0, so Mn = +7.

19. 19. Beryllium, though a group 2 (alkaline earth metal) s-block element, shows properties resembling a group 13 p-block element because of the diagonal relationship. Which element is this?

    Aluminium (Al)

    Due to similar charge/size ratio, Be shows a diagonal relationship with Al, resembling it in properties such as amphoteric oxide formation and covalent character of compounds, unlike other group 2 elements.

20. 20. What is the IUPAC name of the compound CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3?

    2-methylbutane

    The longest chain has 4 carbons (butane) with a methyl substituent on the second carbon, giving the name 2-methylbutane.

21. 21. According to Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, which kingdom includes eukaryotic organisms such as diatoms, Amoeba, and Paramecium that do not fit into Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi?

    Protista

    Whittaker's system placed simple eukaryotic organisms with plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like features but lacking true tissue organization into the kingdom Protista.

22. 22. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the inner walls of blood vessels and the heart, forming a smooth surface called the endothelium?

    Simple squamous epithelium

    Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flat, thin cells that provide a smooth, low-friction lining; when it lines blood vessels and the heart, it is specifically called endothelium.

23. 23. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication (synthesis of new DNA) take place?

    S (Synthesis) phase of interphase

    The cell cycle's interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2; DNA replication occurs specifically during the S phase, doubling the DNA content before mitosis.

24. 24. According to the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants, what property of water molecules allows an unbroken column of water to be pulled up through the xylem under the tension created by transpiration?

    Cohesion (mutual attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding)

    Hydrogen bonding gives water molecules strong cohesive forces, allowing the xylem water column to withstand the negative pressure (tension) generated by transpirational pull without breaking.

25. 25. In the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) of photosynthesis, how many molecules of ATP and NADPH are consumed to fix one molecule of CO2?

    3 ATP and 2 NADPH

    For every CO2 fixed into carbohydrate via the Calvin cycle, the reduction and regeneration steps together consume 3 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADPH.

26. 26. Which plant hormone induces stomatal closure during water-deficit conditions and is therefore often referred to as the plant's 'stress hormone'?

    Abscisic acid (ABA)

    Abscisic acid accumulates under water stress and promotes closure of stomata to reduce transpirational water loss, earning it the name 'stress hormone'.

27. 27. Which enzyme in gastric juice begins protein digestion in the stomach, and what does it convert proteins into?

    Pepsin; converts proteins into proteoses and peptones

    Pepsinogen, secreted by gastric chief cells, is activated by HCl into pepsin, which hydrolyzes proteins into smaller polypeptide fragments called proteoses and peptones.

28. 28. What is the approximate tidal volume of air breathed in or out during a single normal quiet breath in a healthy adult human?

    About 500 mL

    Tidal volume, the volume of air moved in an ordinary quiet breath, is approximately 500 mL in an average healthy adult, as one component of total lung capacity.

29. 29. In a healthy adult with a heart rate of 72 beats per minute, approximately how long does one complete cardiac cycle last?

    Approximately 0.8 seconds

    Cardiac cycle duration = 60 seconds / heart rate = 60/72, which is approximately 0.83 seconds, commonly approximated as 0.8 s per cycle.

30. 30. What is the approximate resting membrane potential of a neuron, and is the inside of the membrane relatively positive or negative compared to the outside?

    Approximately -70 mV; the inside is negative relative to the outside

    At rest, unequal ion distribution (higher K+ inside, higher Na+ outside) maintained by the sodium-potassium pump creates a resting potential of about -70 mV, with the inner surface of the membrane negatively charged relative to the outer surface.

Curriculum Mapping & Learning Guide

Use this breakdown to identify which skills each question tests and guide post-test review.

Class 11 Science chapters covered

1. Chapter 1: Mechanics: Equations of motion, friction, work-energy-power, and center of mass.
2. Chapter 2: Gravitation, Elasticity & Thermodynamics: Escape velocity, Young's modulus, and gas laws.
3. Chapter 3: Atomic Structure & Periodicity: Quantum numbers, electronic configuration, and periodic trends.
4. Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding & Calculations: Hybridization, mole concept, thermochemistry, and equilibrium.
5. Chapter 5: Diversity & Cell Biology: Classification, tissues, and the cell cycle.
6. Chapter 6: Plant & Human Physiology: Water transport, photosynthesis, digestion, breathing, and neural control.

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