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NCERT reference ยท Board exam

NCERT Class 12 Social Science Syllabus Reference

56 chapters across History, Political Science, and Geography โ€” the most content-heavy social science in NCERT. Grouped by theme so board exam revision is manageable, not overwhelming.

56

chapters across 4 books

3

subject areas

80

marks in board exam

Study map

History (15 chapters)

Harappan to Constitution โ€” source-based approach.

Political Science (19 chapters)

Cold War + Indian politics post-1947.

Geography (22 chapters)

Human Geography (world) + India: People and Economy.

Syllabus by subject

Three subjects, one board exam

Original grouping

History โ€” Themes in Indian History

15 chapters

Source-based history from Harappan civilisation through to Independence โ€” each chapter is tied to a type of historical evidence (coins, chronicles, court records, oral history).

  • Bricks, Beads and Bones โ€” The Harappan Civilisation
  • Kings, Farmers and Towns โ€” Early States and Economies
  • Kinship, Caste and Class โ€” Early Societies
  • Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings โ€” Cultural Developments
  • Through the Eyes of Travellers
  • Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
  • An Imperial Capital โ€” Vijayanagara
  • Peasants, Zamindars and the State
  • Kings and Chronicles โ€” The Mughal Courts
  • Colonialism and the Countryside
  • Rebels and the Raj โ€” 1857 Revolt
  • Colonial Cities
  • Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement
  • Understanding Partition
  • Framing the Constitution

Political Science โ€” Contemporary World & Indian Politics

19 chapters

Two books: world politics post-1945 (Cold War, bipolarity, globalisation) and Indian politics post-Independence (party system, Emergency, regional movements).

  • Cold War Era
  • End of Bipolarity
  • US Hegemony in World Politics
  • Alternative Centres of Power
  • Contemporary South Asia
  • International Organisations
  • Security in Contemporary World
  • Environment and Natural Resources
  • Globalisation
  • Era of One-Party Dominance
  • Nation-Building and Its Problems
  • Politics of Planned Development
  • India's External Relations
  • Challenges to the Congress System
  • Crisis of the Democratic Order
  • Rise of Popular Movements
  • Regional Aspirations
  • Rise of New Social Movements
  • Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Geography โ€” Human Geography

22 chapters

Two books: Fundamentals of Human Geography (world-level) and India: People and Economy โ€” together they cover human activity patterns at both global and national scale.

  • Human Geography โ€” Nature and Scope
  • The World Population โ€” Distribution, Density and Growth
  • Population Composition
  • Human Development
  • Primary Activities
  • Secondary Activities
  • Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
  • Transport and Communication
  • International Trade
  • Human Settlements
  • Population โ€” Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition (India)
  • Migration โ€” Types, Causes and Consequences
  • Human Development (India)
  • Human Settlements (India)
  • Land Resources and Agriculture
  • Water Resources
  • Mineral and Energy Resources
  • Manufacturing Industries
  • Planning and Sustainable Development
  • Transport and Communication (India)
  • International Trade (India)
  • Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues

Practice bridge

Turn syllabus review into active practice

Step 1

Generate 10 source-based History questions on the Nationalist Movement and Constitutional framing.

Step 2

Ask for Political Science MCQs on Cold War, Bipolarity, and India's Emergency period.

Step 3

Create a Geography drill combining Human Development, Migration, and Mineral Resources.